Performance Evaluation of Different Accession of Anacardium occidentale L. Seed under Various Substrates
Aminatou Hamida *
Institute of Agriculture Research and Development (IRAD), Wakwa Regional Research Center, P.O. Box 65, Ngaoundere, Cameroon and National Advanced School of Agro-Industrial Sciences, P.O. Box 455, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
Massai Tchima Jacob
Institute of Agriculture Research and Development (IRAD), Wakwa Regional Research Center, P.O. Box 65, Ngaoundere, Cameroon and Laboratory of Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
Oumarou Palou Madi
Institute of Agriculture Research and Development (IRAD), Wakwa Regional Research Center, P.O. Box 65, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
Yaboki Elisabeth
Institute of Agriculture Research and Development (IRAD), Wakwa Regional Research Center, P.O. Box 65, Ngaoundere, Cameroon and Laboratory of Soil, Department of Geoscience and Environment, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
Boursi Jérémie
Institute of Agriculture Research and Development (IRAD), Wakwa Regional Research Center, P.O. Box 65, Ngaoundere, Cameroon and Laboratory of Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
Aoutaksa Bouba Christian
Institute of Agriculture Research and Development (IRAD), Wakwa Regional Research Center, P.O. Box 65, Ngaoundere, Cameroon and Laboratory of Physical Geographic, Faculty of Art, Letter and Human Science, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
Ranava Dieudonné
Institute of Agriculture Research and Development (IRAD), Wakwa Regional Research Center, P.O. Box 65, Ngaoundere, Cameroon and Laboratory of Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
This study aims to determine which accession of cashew has the best growth rate and germination in the nursery. Trial was conducted in the year 2019 using split-plot design. The first factor is the provenance of seeds, namely the Sudano-Sahelian zone and High Guinean savannah zone, and the second factor is type of organic matter entering the substratum composition cow dung (BV), goat droppings (BC) and poultry droppings (FP). The data were taken on the percentage of seed germination and growth parameters (height, number of leaves, collar diameter and leaf area). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare means between treatments and the means were separated by LSD test (Least Significant Difference). The results obtained indicate that the seed from sudano-sahelian zone has a good percentage of germination and best plant growth than those obtained from Guinean savannah highland Zone. The maximal percentage of germination after 28 days of sowing is 86.11%, 80% and 62.33% respectively in the BV, BC and FP substratum for the seed of sudano-sahelian zone against 84.44% (substratum FP), 82.22% (substratum BC) and 71.11% (substratum BV) for the seed of Guinean highland Savannah Zone. Regarding the growth of plant, for the two seed used, substrate with cow dung has high influence on the number of leaves, plant height and diameter of plant than the substrate that content the two other organic manures. In contrary, the surface area of leaf and the height to diameter ratio has been stimulated by the substratum containing goat droppings for the seed of sudano-sahelian zone. However, for the seed of Guinean highland Savannah, the high surface area was obtained in the substratum containing cow dung. The result showed that utilization of organic manures in the substrate composition may constitute a great potential for improving seed germination and plant growth of Anacardium occidentale. Seed from sudano-sahelian zone and substratum that consists cow dung and goat droppings may be suggested to farmers for better production of Anacardium occidentale saplings in a nursery.
Keywords: Anacardium occidentale L, substrate, organic matter, growth, germination, Wakwa