The Climbing Performance, Neuromuscular Transmitter (ACHE) Activity, Reproductive Performance and Survival of Drosophila melanogaster Fed Diet with Mangifera indica Cold Aqueous Leaf Extract
Etuh Monday Alexander *
Department of Entomology and Parasitology (Zoology), University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria and Africa Centre of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
John Chinyere Aguiyi
Africa Centre of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria.
Iorjiim Walter Mdekera
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria.
Ochala Sunshine Ogwu
Africa Centre of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Oyeniran Oluwatosin Imoleayo
Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
Chinelo Vera Ugokwe
Africa Centre of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Dung Pam
Department of Entomology and Parasitology (Zoology), University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Objective: To screen the toxic effect of Mangifera indica aqueous leaf extract in Drosophila melanogaster.
Materials and Methods: Phytochemical screening was carried out. 20 Adult flies were exposed to 7.5 mg, 15 mg, 30 mg, 45 mg and 100 mg /10 g diet for acute toxicity (168hrs) while 50 flies were exposed to 2.5 mg, 5 mg and 10 mg/10 g diet for sub chronic (28 days). All concentrations were prepared in 1000µl of distilled water and replicated three (3) times. Diet+1000µl of Distilled water served as control. Fecundity/developmental toxicity, Climbing and AChE activities were carried out by exposing flies to the sub-chronic concentrations for 5 days.
Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids. The acute toxicity test showed 100% mortality at 100 mg/ 10 g diet and 168hrs LC50 was 72.4 mg/10 g diet. The sub chronic toxicity test showed decrease in flies survival along concentration with a least survival at 10 mg/10 g diet. There was a slight reduction and elevation in the Climbing and AChE activities respectively but not statistically significant (p>0.05) compared to control. At 5 mg and 10 mg/10 g diet there was a delay in the development with few emerged flies.
Conclusion: From the Results, it can be concluded that Mangiferaindica aqueous leaf extract may be toxic at high dose from 72.4 mg/10 g diet and might have an adverse effect on the development and survival of flies at sub chronic concentration as low as 2.5 mg/10g diet.
Keywords: Neuromuscular transmitter (ACHE) activity, reproductive performance, Drosophila melanogaster, Mangifera indica, aqueous leaf extract.