Phytochemical Assessment and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Evaluation in Swiss Albino Mice Treated with Methanol Leaf Extract of Securidaca longipedunculata (Polygalaceae)
S. S. Anyebe
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
S. N. Anyebe
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Y. A. Tende
Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
N. S. Emmanuel *
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
P. P. Mshelia
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Bauchi State, Nigeria.
R. A. Abdulrauf
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
T. F. M. Ajiboye
Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Shika, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
K. Andrew
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
A. U. Alexander
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
H. D. Muhammad
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
C. N. Chima
Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aims: This study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical constituents, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase activity of methanol leaf extract of Securidaca longepedunculata (polygalaceae) (MLESL).
Study Design: This is an experimental study. A total of twenty four (24) mice were used for this study. Twenty four mice were divided into four (4) groups consisting of six animals each (n= 6) and treated as follows: group one was administered normal saline (10 ml/kg) and served as control, groups two, three, and four were treated orally with the extract (MLESL) at doses of 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg respectively.
Methodology: Administration was carried out orally for a period of twenty eight days (28). Sera obtained from the study at the end of the experiment were used to assess for serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations. The extract was screened for the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, anthraquinone derivatives and carbohydrates.
Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, triterpene, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids. There was a significant increase (P< 0.05) in serum MDA in the group treated with 240 mg/kg (1.65±0.10) when compared to the control. Although serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) was decreased in all the treated groups compared to the control, it was however not significant.
Conclusion: Methanol leaf extract of Securidaca longepedunculata (polygalaceae) in this study increases lipid peroxidation with increase in dosage.
Keywords: Securidaca longepedunculata (polygalaceae), tannins, saponins, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and oxidative stress.